Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden types), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The true variety of varieties has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, anticipated to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slice plants so that as ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the mark of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or almost never renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile origins that draw it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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