Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The true quantity of kinds has varied, depending how they are categorised, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were launched in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash plants as ornamental crops in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the image of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The flowers, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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