Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The number of kinds has assorted, depending how they are classified, credited to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slice bouquets so that as ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the image of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as large as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The place stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or hardly ever green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile root base that yank it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are autumn flowering.
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