Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The true quantity of types has mixed, depending about how they are categorized, scheduled to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as slice blossoms so that as ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the sign of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The seed stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The flowers may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile origins that yank it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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