Narcissus

By Gafarshod Senin, 01 Agustus 2016

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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The number of types has assorted, depending about how they are labeled, scheduled to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The types are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as lower flowers so when ornamental plant life in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as large as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The herb stem usually bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or seldom renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.

The bulb is dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile roots that take it down further in to the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are fall months flowering.

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