Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The number of species has assorted, depending about how they are categorised, thanks to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as chop plants so that ornamental crops in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the image of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The plant stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blooms, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or hardly ever green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile origins that pull it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summertime to later winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few varieties are fall flowering.
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