Metamorphosis of Narcissus 1937 A paper on meaning and

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The number of species has varied, depending on how they are categorized, credited to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash bouquets and since ornamental crops in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the symbol of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as high as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The place stem bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The flowers, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or almost never green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile roots that pull it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.

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