Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The true variety of species has assorted, depending on how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut blooms so that ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the symbol of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as large as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of plants (umbel). The plants, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or almost never green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile origins that take it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summertime to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are fall flowering.
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