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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The true variety of types has varied, depending on how they are categorised, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The species are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop plants as ornamental crops in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the icon of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as extra tall as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blossoms, that are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The plants may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.

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