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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with roughly 50 species. The true variety of varieties has varied, depending about how they are categorised, credited to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slice bouquets as ornamental plant life in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the sign of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as tall as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or seldom green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit consists of a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are fall months flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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