Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The number of kinds has mixed, depending on how they are labeled, thanks to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of that name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were released into the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Narcissi are popular as lower flowers so that as ornamental crops in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the symbol of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The plants, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or rarely green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile root base that take it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from warmer summer months to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few species are fall months flowering.
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