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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The amount of varieties has varied, depending how they are categorised, due to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as lower flowers so that ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall flowering.

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