Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with about 50 species. The number of kinds has varied, depending about how they are classified, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as chop bouquets and since ornamental crops in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the symbol of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The bouquets, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or hardly ever inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The plants may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile origins that move it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer months to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few types are autumn flowering.
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