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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The number of types has assorted, depending on how they are grouped, anticipated to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The types are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were created in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as lower flowers and since ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the image of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the outrageous flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as tall as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The plant stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The plants, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.

The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile origins that yank it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are autumn flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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