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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The true range of varieties has varied, depending about how they are labeled, scheduled to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop plants and as ornamental plants in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the symbol of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as extra tall as 80 cm.

The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The place stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or seldom inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile origins that move it down further into the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.

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