Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with about 50 species. The number of varieties has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, due to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were released into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut plants so that as ornamental plants in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as large as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The flowers, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile root base that draw it down further into the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are fall flowering.
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