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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The true range of varieties has assorted, depending how they are labeled, thanks to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the true name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop blooms and since ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the sign of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as large as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or hardly ever green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile root base that pull it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring, though a few varieties are fall flowering.

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