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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The amount of species has assorted, depending how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash bouquets so that ornamental vegetation in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the image of tumors charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the next time from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as tall as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or hardly ever inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.

The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile origins that draw it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are autumn flowering.

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