Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten portions with about 50 species. The amount of species has varied, depending how they are grouped, credited to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slice bouquets so when ornamental plants in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The place stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The flowers, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or hardly ever green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile root base that move it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are fall flowering.
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