Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The amount of species has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The species are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut bouquets so when ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and literature, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the sign of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or almost never inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile roots that pull it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are fall months flowering.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar