Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The number of kinds has mixed, depending on how they are grouped, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled in to the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut blooms and since ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the mark of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The seed stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The flowers, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or seldom inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back again and has contractile roots that take it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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