Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden types), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The true volume of varieties has varied, depending how they are categorised, credited to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slice flowers and as ornamental crops in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage light. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The place stem usually bears a solitary flower, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The bouquets, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or almost never inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile roots that take it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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