Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The true variety of types has mixed, depending about how they are labeled, scheduled to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the true name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is associated with a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The types are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash plants so that as ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the mark of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as large as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or almost never green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile roots that pull it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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