Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The true amount of species has assorted, depending on how they are classified, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut blooms so that as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the sign of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary rose, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or rarely green, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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