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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The number of types has assorted, depending how they are grouped, thanks to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slice blooms so that ornamental plants in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the mark of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as large as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The seed stem bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The bouquets, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or almost never green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile root base that take it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer season to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.

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