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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten parts with roughly 50 species. The amount of species has mixed, depending how they are categorized, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the true name Narcissus is undiscovered, but it is often linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as chop flowers and as ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the sign of tumors charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as tall as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The bouquets, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or rarely green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile roots that yank it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are fall flowering.

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