Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The number of species has mixed, depending on how they are categorized, anticipated to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were presented in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash plants so that as ornamental plants in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide flower of Wales and the sign of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as large as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light bulb. The place stem bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or seldom renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer time to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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