Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The true quantity of varieties has assorted, depending about how they are classified, due to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The types are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as slash plants so that ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the icon of malignancy charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the bulb. The seed stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The plants, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or almost never inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back again and has contractile root base that draw it down further into the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer time to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.
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