Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellow (orange or pink in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The true quantity of kinds has assorted, depending how they are classified, due to similarity between hybridization and kinds. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were launched into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Today narcissi are popular as trim plants so that ornamental crops in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the symbol of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The plant stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of flowers (umbel). The plants, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or hardly ever renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The plants may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant after the leaves and flower stem die back and has contractile origins that draw it down further into the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer months to past due winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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