Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historical civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten portions with roughly 50 species. The true amount of types has varied, depending on how they are categorised, scheduled to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were presented into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as cut bouquets so when ornamental vegetation in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in fine art and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the image of cancer charities in many countries. The looks of the wild flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as high as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The flower stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blossoms, which can be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile roots that move it down further into the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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