Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The true quantity of species has mixed, depending how they are grouped, credited to similarity between species and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the true name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as lower blooms and as ornamental plant life in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the sign of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as extra tall as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The vegetable stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The bouquets, which are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or hardly ever green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The flowers may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dry capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile origins that yank it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer season to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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