Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The true variety of varieties has mixed, depending on how they are categorised, a consequence of to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the true name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim flowers as ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the national bloom of Wales and the icon of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as large as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The flower stem usually bears a solitary flower, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or seldom inexperienced, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die again and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer season to later winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few varieties are fall months flowering.
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