Sabina Pettitt, pesquisadora das Essências Florais, Marinhas e Gemas

Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were well known in old civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The number of kinds has assorted, depending about how they are categorized, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The types are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut flowers and since ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the image of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as extra tall as 80 cm.

The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or rarely renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The blossoms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruits includes a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.

The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and rose stem die again and has contractile origins that take it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer months to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are fall flowering.

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