Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with around 50 species. The true number of species has assorted, depending about how they are labeled, due to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact origins of the true name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a centre of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the later 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as chop blooms so that ornamental vegetation in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the sign of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to the underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may grow as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The flower stem bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or almost never renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical formed corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from summer season to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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