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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The number of species has varied, depending about how they are categorized, anticipated to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were released into the ASIA to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut bouquets so that as ornamental crops in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and fine art, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from loss of life to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the image of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as large as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The flower stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The flowers, which are conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, sometimes both or rarely renewable, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical molded corona. The bouquets may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry consists of a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.

The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile origins that take it down further in to the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most varieties are dormant from summer months to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are fall flowering.

Narcissus Pictures

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