Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The amount of varieties has varied, depending on how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of that name who fell deeply in love with his own reflection. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The kinds are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as trim flowers as ornamental crops in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from loss of life to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the symbol of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as high as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The herb stem bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of plants (umbel). The blossoms, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellow, sometimes both or rarely inexperienced, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The plants may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb is dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile roots that take it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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