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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The number of kinds has assorted, depending how they are categorized, due to similarity between varieties and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the name Narcissus is unknown, but it is often associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the young ones of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The types are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as lower blossoms so that ornamental plant life in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national blossom of Wales and the image of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering for an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as tall as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The blooms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or hardly ever inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outside ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The bouquets may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit includes a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back and has contractile root base that yank it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are fall flowering.

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