Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten portions with approximately 50 species. The true variety of species has mixed, depending about how they are categorised, anticipated to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a center of variety in the Western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were unveiled into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mainly on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as cut flowers so that ornamental plants in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in several cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the sign of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering for an underground storage light. They regrow in the following time from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The place stem usually bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The flowers, which can be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or rarely renewable, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The bouquets may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruits involves a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seeds.
The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile roots that draw it down further in to the soil. The blossom stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from warmer summer months to later winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are autumn flowering.
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