Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden kinds), with either standard or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally explained by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The amount of types has assorted, depending how they are classified, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the children of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The varieties are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were created into the ASIA to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash plants and since ornamental crops in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the mark of cancers charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf types such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as tall as 80 cm.
The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The flowers, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or rarely renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and rose stem die back and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer time to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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