Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common names including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or green in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally described by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten sections with around 50 species. The amount of varieties has mixed, depending on how they are categorized, scheduled to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose a while in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The varieties are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were launched in to the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the late 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as slash blooms and since ornamental plants in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are labeled into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in art work and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to good fortune, and as icons of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the mark of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to the underground storage light. They regrow in the next yr from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as large as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The plant stem bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The blossoms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or hardly ever renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical shaped corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is poor (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seeds.
The bulb lays dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile root base that pull it down further in to the soil. The flower leaves and stem form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most kinds are dormant from summertime to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are fall months flowering.
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