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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellowish (orange or green in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in ancient civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally considered to have about ten areas with approximately 50 species. The true variety of varieties has mixed, depending how they are categorised, due to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise source of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is associated with a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.

The species are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe following the 16th century and by the late 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut blossoms and since ornamental plants in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a variety of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and art work, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in several cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as symbols of planting season. The daffodil is the nationwide flower of Wales and the icon of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may expand as high as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves occur from the light. The flower stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but sometimes a cluster of plants (umbel). The blossoms, that are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or rarely inexperienced sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encompassing a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit consists of a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb is placed dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile root base that yank it down further into the soil. The flower stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from summer time to overdue winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall flowering.

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