Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by the cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are usually white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden varieties), with either even or contrasting colored corona and tepals.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with around 50 species. The true volume of species has assorted, depending how they are categorised, credited to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.
The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East prior to the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became ever more popular in Europe following the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as slash blossoms as ornamental crops in private and open public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the national rose of Wales and the image of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the crazy flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the following season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light. The place stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, sometimes both or rarely green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical designed corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will find six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry contains a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back again and has contractile roots that pull it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summertime to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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