Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are generally white or yellow (orange or pink in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The true number of kinds has mixed, depending how they are categorized, credited to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origin of the real name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often associated with a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the young ones of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.
The types are local to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a middle of variety in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mainly on holland. Narcissi are popular as slash bouquets and as ornamental crops in private and public gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members of their family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the symbol of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in spring is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf kinds such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as large as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, slim, strap-shaped leaves happen from the light bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary blossom, but once in a while a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, sometimes both or seldom green, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an outside ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical molded corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. A couple of six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.
The bulb is situated dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile root base that move it down further in to the soil. The bloom leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most species are dormant from warmer summer months to late winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few kinds are fall months flowering.
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