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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial vegetation in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common labels including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The flowers are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.

Narcissus were popular in historic civilisation, both and botanically medicinally, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally thought to have about ten areas with roughly 50 species. The true number of kinds has mixed, depending how they are categorized, as a consequence to similarity between hybridization and species. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.

The varieties are indigenous to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were launched into the Far East to the tenth hundred years prior. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as trim flowers as ornamental plant life in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in books and skill, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the nationwide bloom of Wales and the mark of malignancy charities in many countries. The looks of the untamed flowers in spring is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might develop as high as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, slim, strap-shaped leaves arise from the light. The seed stem bears a solitary blossom, but occasionally a cluster of flowers (umbel). The blossoms, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellowish, both or hardly ever green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit includes a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.

The bulb lies dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die back again and has contractile roots that yank it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the next season. Most varieties are dormant from warmer summer months to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few types are fall months flowering.

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