Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of predominantly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blossoms are generally white or yellow (orange or red in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with approximately 50 species. The number of varieties has varied, depending how they are classified, due to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is often linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the junior of this name who fell deeply in love with his own representation. The English phrase 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The kinds are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as lower blooms so that as ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering a wide range of colours and shapes. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal utilization in traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide blossom of Wales and the image of tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the wild flowers in springtime is associated with festivals in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the following yr from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum level of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may increase as extra tall as 80 cm.
The vegetation are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary rose, but sometimes a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The blooms, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or hardly ever green sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The blossoms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light bulb, to emerge the next season. Most types are dormant from summer time to later winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few types are fall flowering.
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