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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some known members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellowish (orange or red in garden types), with either uniform or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were popular in ancient civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally defined by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The number of types has assorted, depending about how they are labeled, anticipated to similarity between types and hybridization. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise source of the real name Narcissus is anonymous, but it is often linked to a Greek phrase for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the junior of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English expression 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was commonly likened.

The types are local to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the European Mediterranean, particularly the Iberian peninsula. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Today narcissi are popular as cut bouquets and since ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering a wide range of shapes and colours. Like other members with their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the national flower of Wales and the symbol of tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the crazy flowers in spring and coil is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next 12 months from brown-skinned ovoid light bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with regards to the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as high as 80 cm.

The plants are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow bloom stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The plant stem usually bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The flowers, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or seldom green sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens surrounding a central style. The ovary is inferior (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The super fruit involves a dried up capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seeds.

The bulb lies dormant after the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile root base that take it down further in to the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few types are autumn flowering.

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