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Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial crops in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellowish (orange or pink in garden types), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.

Narcissus were well known in historic civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Varieties Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten areas with about 50 species. The true amount of varieties has assorted, depending how they are categorised, thanks to similarity between hybridization and varieties. The genus arose some right time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The exact source of the name Narcissus is unidentified, but it is linked to a Greek expression for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youth of this name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English word 'daffodil' is apparently derived from "asphodel", with which it was compared commonly.

The types are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of diversity in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, diseases and disorders include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, nematodes and mites. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while some are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.

Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became ever more popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred generally on the Netherlands. Today narcissi are popular as chop flowers and as ornamental plants in private and public gardens. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are grouped into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested accidentally. This property has been exploited for medicinal used in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in literature and artwork, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of spring and coil. The daffodil is the countrywide bloom of Wales and the image of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with festivals in many places.

Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back after flowering to a underground storage light. They regrow in the next year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta may develop as large as 80 cm.

The crops are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the light. The flower stem bears a solitary flower, but once in a while a cluster of blossoms (umbel). The bouquets, that happen to be conspicuous and white or yellowish usually, both or hardly ever inexperienced sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral tube above the ovary, then an outer ring made up of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blooms may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You will discover six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The fruit contains a dried out capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.

The bulb is placed dormant following the leaves and flower stem die again and has contractile origins that yank it down further in to the soil. The rose leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from warmer summer months to past due winter, flowering in the planting season, though a few species are autumn flowering.

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