Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted with a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The bouquets are generally white or yellowish (orange or red in garden kinds), with either uniform or contrasting colored tepals and corona.
Narcissus were popular in traditional civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally referred to by Linnaeus in his Species Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten portions with around 50 species. The true amount of varieties has mixed, depending about how they are categorised, scheduled to similarity between kinds and hybridization. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the children of that name who fell in love with his own representation. The English word 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The types are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a centre of variety in the Traditional western Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced into the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have become extinct, while others are threatened by increasing urbanisation and tourism.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the earliest times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th century and by the overdue 19th century were an important commercial crop centred generally on holland. Today narcissi are popular as lower blooms so when ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorized into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of their family, narcissi produce a number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested inadvertently. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in artwork and books, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in various cultures, ranging from death to fortune, and as symbols of springtime. The daffodil is the countrywide rose of Wales and the icon of cancer charities in many countries. The appearance of the untamed flowers in springtime is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering to a underground storage light bulb. They regrow in the next calendar year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf species such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might expand as high as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow rose stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, thin, strap-shaped leaves arise from the bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary rose, but occasionally a cluster of blooms (umbel). The flowers, which can be conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or rarely renewable sometimes, consist of a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical formed corona. The blooms may suspend down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens encircling a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The berries consists of a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) liberating numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant after the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile roots that draw it down further into the soil. The rose stem and leaves form in the light, to emerge the following season. Most kinds are dormant from summer time to past due winter, flowering in the spring, though a few kinds are fall flowering.
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