Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mainly spring perennial plants in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common brands including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by way of a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The blooms are usually white or yellow (orange or green in garden varieties), with either standard or contrasting coloured tepals and corona.
Narcissus were well known in early civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally identified by Linnaeus in his Kinds Plantarum (1753). The genus is generally thought to have about ten sections with roughly 50 species. The amount of types has assorted, depending how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent areas of southwest Europe. The exact origin of the real name Narcissus is unfamiliar, but it is often associated with a Greek word for intoxicated (narcotic) and the misconception of the youth of that name who fell in love with his own reflection. The English phrase 'daffodil' is apparently produced from "asphodel", with which it was commonly compared.
The types are native to meadows and woods in southern European countries and North Africa with a center of variety in the European Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both cultivated and wild plants have naturalised widely, and were introduced in to the Far East before the tenth century. Narcissi have a tendency to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are insect-pollinated also. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while some are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the later 19th century were an important commercial crop centred mostly on holland. Narcissi are popular as chop blossoms so that as ornamental crops in private and general public gardens today. The long history of breeding has resulted in thousands of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are categorised into divisions, covering an array of colours and shapes. Like other members of the family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if ingested unintentionally. This property has been exploited for medicinal use within traditional healing and has resulted in the production of galantamine for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and literature, narcissi are associated with a true number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to fortune, and as icons of planting season. The daffodil is the countrywide blossom of Wales and the symbol of cancers charities in many countries. The appearance of the outrageous flowers in planting season is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying back again after flowering with an underground storage light. They regrow in the following year from brown-skinned ovoid lights with pronounced necks, and reach levels of 5-80 cm depending on the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum elevation of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might increase as tall as 80 cm.
The plant life are scapose, having a single central leafless hollow blossom stem (scape). Several green or blue-green, small, strap-shaped leaves happen from the bulb. The herb stem usually bears a solitary bloom, but occasionally a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The flowers, which are usually conspicuous and white or yellow, both or seldom renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an external ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disk to conical designed corona. The flowers may hang down (pendent), or be erect. You can find six pollen bearing stamens adjoining a central style. The ovary is second-rate (below the floral parts) comprising three chambers (trilocular). The berry involves a dried capsule that splits (dehisces) launching numerous black seed products.
The bulb is situated dormant following the leaves and bloom stem die back and has contractile root base that move it down further into the soil. The blossom leaves and stem form in the light, to emerge the next season. Most species are dormant from summer months to past due winter, flowering in the spring and coil, though a few species are autumn flowering.
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar