Narcissus /n?:r's?s?s/ is a genus of mostly spring perennial plant life in the Amaryllidaceae (amaryllis) family. Various common titles including daffodil,[notes 1] daffadowndilly,[3] narcissus, and jonquil are being used to describe all or some members of the genus. Narcissus has conspicuous flowers with six petal-like tepals surmounted by a cup- or trumpet-shaped corona. The plants are usually white or yellow (orange or red in garden types), with either even or contrasting coloured corona and tepals.
Narcissus were popular in historical civilisation, both medicinally and botanically, but formally detailed by Linnaeus in his Types Plantarum (1753). The genus is normally considered to have about ten parts with approximately 50 species. The number of types has varied, depending about how they are grouped, due to similarity between hybridization and types. The genus arose some right amount of time in the Late Oligocene to Early Miocene epochs, in the Iberian peninsula and adjacent regions of southwest Europe. The precise origins of the name Narcissus is mysterious, but it is linked to a Greek term for intoxicated (narcotic) and the myth of the youngsters of this name who fell in love with his own representation. The English term 'daffodil' appears to be produced from "asphodel", with which it was likened commonly.
The species are native to meadows and woods in southern Europe and North Africa with a middle of diversity in the American Mediterranean, the Iberian peninsula particularly. Both wild and cultivated plants have naturalised widely, and were created into the Far East to the tenth century prior. Narcissi tend to be long-lived bulbs, which propagate by division, but are also insect-pollinated. Known pests, disorders and diseases include viruses, fungi, the larvae of flies, mites and nematodes. Some Narcissus species have grown to be extinct, while others are threatened by increasing tourism and urbanisation.
Historical accounts suggest narcissi have been cultivated from the initial times, but became increasingly popular in Europe after the 16th hundred years and by the past due 19th hundred years were an important commercial crop centred primarily on the Netherlands. Narcissi are popular as cut flowers and as ornamental vegetation in private and general population gardens today. The long history of breeding has led to a large number of different cultivars. For horticultural purposes, narcissi are classified into divisions, covering an array of shapes and colours. Like other members of these family, narcissi create a true number of different alkaloids, which provide some protection for the plant, but may be poisonous if accidentally ingested. This property has been exploited for medicinal use in traditional healing and has led to the production of galantamine for the treating Alzheimer's dementia. Long celebrated in skill and books, narcissi are associated with a number of themes in different cultures, ranging from fatality to good fortune, and as icons of spring. The daffodil is the nationwide rose of Wales and the image of cancer tumor charities in many countries. The looks of the outdoors flowers in spring and coil is associated with celebrations in many places.
Narcissus is a genus of perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes, dying again after flowering to an underground storage bulb. They regrow in the next season from brown-skinned ovoid bulbs with pronounced necks, and reach heights of 5-80 cm with respect to the species. Dwarf varieties such as N. asturiensis have a maximum height of 5-8 cm, while Narcissus tazetta might grow as high as 80 cm.
The crops are scapose, having an individual central leafless hollow flower stem (scape). Several blue-green or green, narrow, strap-shaped leaves come up from the bulb. The vegetable stem bears a solitary bloom, but once in a while a cluster of bouquets (umbel). The blooms, that are conspicuous and white or yellow usually, both or almost never renewable sometimes, contain a perianth of three parts. Closest to the stem (proximal) is a floral pipe above the ovary, then an exterior ring composed of six tepals (undifferentiated sepals and petals), and a central disc to conical shaped corona. The blooms may hang up down (pendent), or be erect. There are six pollen bearing stamens bordering a central style. The ovary is substandard (below the floral parts) consisting of three chambers (trilocular). The fruit includes a dry out capsule that splits (dehisces) releasing numerous black seed products.
The bulb sits dormant following the leaves and blossom stem die again and has contractile roots that move it down further into the soil. The bloom stem and leaves form in the bulb, to emerge the following season. Most types are dormant from summer time to late winter, flowering in the springtime, though a few species are autumn flowering.
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